In 2013, PennDOT commissioned a one-year project with CMU to assess the implications of connected and autonomous vehicles on the management and operation of the state's surface transportation system. Using a design year of 2040, the researcher evaluated the implications on highway infrastructure within the Pittsburgh region. The 2040 Vision (PDF) explored the impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles on design and investment decisions, communication devices investment, real‐time data usage, existing infrastructure, workforce training needs, driver licensing and freight flow as they relate to PennDOT.